Overgrowth of the endometrium, caused usually by prolonged action of estrogen unopposed by progesterone (i.e. prolonged anovulation), as is the case in, particularly, the polycystic ovary syndrome. Potentially dangerous, because it can turn to cancer of the endometrium. Can be suspected by an echogenic appearance of the endometrium on transvaginal ultrasound and is confirmed by pathological examination of tissue obtained at curettage.

Irregular and generally heavy bleeding caused by anovulatory cycles. The underlying causes and how to prevent the sometimes harmful consequences, including endometrial hyperplasia.

A vaginal gel that contains 8%progesterone. Well absorbed and with a potent local effect on the endometrium. Used to mimic (or supplement) the ovarian luteal phase. A weaker (4%) formulation is available for longterm use in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome or after the menopause to prevent endometrial hyperplasia.

(ERT) The therapeutic use of estrogen to stop the effects of menopause after the ovaries have been removed or have stopped functioning. If the uterus is still present the hormone regimen must include at least 11 days' progestogen usage each month, or there will be a risk of endometrial hyperplasia and hence endometrial cancer.