Microsurgery of the fallopian tubes in which an area of blockage is cut out and the healthy bits of tube on each side of the blockage are sewn back together. Can be done for localised salpingitis, including salpingitis isthmica nodosa, and for sterilisation reversal.

An operation for sterilisation or "tubal ligation" in which the fimbrial end of each fallopian tube is removed. It has a higher failure rate than most other sterilisation operations on the tubes and it also is more difficult to reverse if the woman intends to regain fertility. It can result in a hydrosalpinx, which can jeopardise success with in vitro fertilisation, and the microsurgery operation to reverse it, salpingostomy, is much less often followed by pregnancy than tubal anastomosis operations are.

Overcoming a localised obstruction of the isthmus or the interstitial segment of the fallopian tube by pushing a wire or a catheter through it, enabling (in some cases) the tube to be 're-canalised' and so to remain open after being blocked before; it's an attractive alternative to tubal anastomosis and can be performed either during the investigation of tubal infertility with hysteroscopy, laparoscopy and falloposcopy or at the time of carrying out a hysterosalpingogram. Because not all tubes that seem to be blocked are in fact blocked (sometimes a normal tube will not allow fluid to pass through it for hormonal reasons or because of a spasm), care needs to be taken to investigate the tube properly before canalisation is undertaken.

Vasectomy reversal, the operation for reversing a sterilisation operation (a vasectomy) in a man involving removal of the blocked part of each vas deferens, in the upper part of the scrotum, and joining by microsurgery one cut end or the vas to the other cut end. Generally not as successful at returning fertility as the equivalent operation in women (tubal anastomosis): the development of sperm antibodies increases with the length of time since sterilisation and limits the effective sperm count after the reversal. Many clinics now carry out cryostorage of some sperm obtained at vasectomy reversal so that if pregnancy does not happen, or azoospermia persists, in vitro fertilisation (IVF) can be carried out with ICSI without requiring a later operation (for MESA) on the man. MESA with ICSI and IVF can be used as an alternative to vasovasostomy.